Today

Rock and pop stars are more than twice as likely as the rest of the population to die an early death, research finds.

The findings are based on more than 1,050 North American and European musicians and singers who shot to fame between 1956 and 1999.

All the musicians featured in the All Time Top 1000 albums, selected in 2000, and covering rock, punk, rap, R&B, electronica and new age genres.

How long the pop stars survived once they had achieved chart success and become famous was compared with the expected longevity of the general population, matched for age, sex, ethnicity and nationality, up to the end of 2005.

In all, 100 stars died between 1956 and 2005. The average age of death was 42 for North American stars and 35 for European stars.

Paul Stokes, NME music magazine: "The problem is that rock stars often spend the first years of their careers struggling to get by and then get everything really quickly."

Drug and alcohol problems accounted for one in four deaths, the study found.

When compared with the rest of the population in the UK and the US, rock and pop stars were around twice as likely to die early and even more likely to do so within five years of becoming famous.

Some 25 years after achieving fame, European pop stars returned to the same levels of life expectancy as the rest of the population.

But North American stars continued to experience higher death rates.

The study, which is published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, was carried out by researchers at Liverpool John Moores University.

Lead researcher Professor Mark Bellis said: "The music business would do well to take the health risks of substance abuse and risk taking behaviours more seriously.

"This is not only because of the long term effects on the stars themselves, but also because of the influence these stars exert on others.

"One in 10 children in the UK aspires to become a pop star, and the droves of eager hopefuls applying to take part in series such as the 'X Factor', confirm the attractiveness of this career option.

"Public health consideration needs to be given to preventing music icons promoting health-damaging behaviour amongst their emulators and fans.

"Stars could do more to actively promote positive health messages, but these need to be backed up by example."

Paul Stokes, news editor of the NME music magazine, added: "The problem is that rock stars often spend the first years of their careers struggling to get by and then get everything really quickly.

"There is no control mechanism and with a culture which often lauds excessive behaviour that spells problems."

The likes of Elvis Presley, Jim Morrison, Kurt Cobain and Tupac Shakur have all died young.